1. Usability.gov is a U.S. government-run website that covers all sorts of usability topics. The site is broken down into a few different sections: basics, methods, templates, articles, and guidelines. They also include additional government resources for usability. The usability guidelines are especially helpful, and individual sections can be downloaded as PDFs.
2. Usability Testing is a blog that covers the basics of planning, designing, and conducting usability tests. They offer both articles and workshops on usability testing, both of which are valuable resources.
3. UsabilityNews.com aggregates usability-related news from all over the Internet. It’s a great resource for finding the most up-to-date information on all aspects of usability.
4. Useit.com is Jakob Nielsen’s website dedicated to usability and website design. It offers tons of useful and valuable content on usability, as well as links to his books on usability and other resources.

Usability Testing Articles and Guides

Most good website design and development blogs out there have resources for usability testing. Below are some of the better ones.

1. A List Apart published an article titled Usability Testing Demystified that helps to clarify what usability testing is all about, and takes some of the mystery out of the whole process. It’s a great resource if you’re unsure of how to approach usability testing, and need some direction. A List Apart also published another excellent article titled The Myth of Usability Testing, which covers some of the downfalls of usability testing, and why usability testing is unreliable and unscientific at best. It also discusses how to account for this ureliability and compensate for it.
2. UserFocus has a very thorough list of 247 Web Usability Guidelines, broken down by category. It’s a very valuable resource for figuring out what needs to be tested, and is available as a downloadable Excel workbook.
3. Nielsen Norman Group has a free Usability of Rich Internet Applications and Web-Based Tools ebook available on their website. It includes usability guidelines based on the testing of 46 Flash applications.
4. Common Knowledge has a great post on usability testing on a budget called No Excuses – Budget Usability Testing that covers the basics of usability testing when you don’t have a lot of money available for your project.
5. Visual28 also has a post on low-cost usability testing, titled Usability Testing on a Budget. It offers some great strategies and methods of testing the usability of your sites without breaking the bank.
6. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services offers a free ebook titled Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines on their website. It’s a huge file, over 160MB, and includes a wealth of information backed by solid research for usability improvements, with the last chapter covering usability testing specifically (chapters can be downloaded individually).
7. Best Design Tuts has an article titled 15 Helpful Website Usability Facts & Guidelines that includes some excellent tips you can use in testing your site’s usability. They tips are compiled from a wide variety of sources.
8. Usereffect offers a free 25-point Website Usability Checklist on their site. It’s a valuable guide for designing your usability tests.
9. eduStyle has an excellent guide to Start a Usability Testing Program in 5 Days. It breaks steps down into a week-long plan, so by the end of single workweek, you’ll have a usability testing program in place.
10. FutureNow’s GrokDotCom has an excellent post on common mistakes made during usability testing, titled Top 6 User Testing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them. It provides a valuable outline for what not to do when creating your usability tests.
11. Smartisans.com has a great article, Remove Stumbling Blocks by Usability Testing, that covers the basics of usability testing. They use a real-world example of a failure in usability to illustrate the points made in the article.
12. Grundyhome.com has a guide to 3 Questions to Avoid in a Usability Test. It also includes the reasoning behind why you wouldn’t want to ask each specific question, and examples of how to better phrase each question.
13. The Communications Strategist offers up The DIY Guide to Web Usability Testing, which serves as an excellent guide for those who want to tackle their own usability testing. It includes things to beware of and watch for, as well as some general tips.
14. Sanjay Kumarux offers a step-by-step guide to usability testing, titled How to Conduct Usability Testing? that breaks down the entire process of usability testing into five easy-to-understand steps.
15. And of course, Wikipedia has an excellent overview of Usability Testing that’s worth checking out.

Usability Testing Tools and Methods

There are tons of tools and methods out there to help you more effectively test usability on your sites and apps. Here are some of the best ones to get you started.

1. 10-Second Website Usability Testing - While 10-Second Website Usability Testing might sound like a myth or something that wouldn’t actually be helpful, this technique really does give you a good idea of how user-friendly your website is. In short, it involves evaluating your site with all the styling information turned off.
2. WebSort.net is an excellent tool to use if you use the Card Sorting method for designing your site’s information architecture. It lets you conduct remote card sorting tests online. All you have to do is create a study and invite participants. The site takes care of the rest. A single study costs US$79, but you can also order a 5-pack (US$299) or subscribe to conduct unlimited studies (US$199/month).
3. Crazy Egg lets you create heat maps based on user clicks. It can give you insight into what visitors click on most often and what still needs to be improved to increase conversions and click-throughs. You can also view the raw data about where visitors are clicking, in addition to the heat maps. They have plans available that range from $9 to $99 per month, based on the number of visitors and pages you want to track.
4. Usabilla is a simple app for usability testing that can be set up in just five steps (create a test, select the pages you want to test, select your questions, invite users, and analyze the feedback you receive). You can test live pages or images, and it includes the ability to view click results as a heat map.
5. Silverback offers what they call “guerilla usability testing”. They allow you to capture and record screen activity, record a participant’s voice, export your videos to Quicktime, and control your recordings while conducting usability tests. It’s only compatible with Macs, but you can try it free for 30 days (the full license is less than US$50).
6. Userfly makes it very simple to test your website’s usability with your real website visitors. It records every mouse movement and click visitors to your website make and installs with only a single line of code. You can run up to ten captures per month with their free account (which also saves recordings for 30 days), or up to 10,000 per month with their Enterprise account, which is $200/month.
7. Fivesecondtest can help provide valuable feedback on which parts of your site designs are standing out to visitors. Basically, visitors have five seconds to click on the most prominent parts of your website, and then describe what it is the clicked on. The service is mostly free (there are some premium features, too) and doesn’t even require registration.
8. UserTesting.com facilitates your usability testing by taking care of pretty much everything for you. You get a Flash video of exactly what testers did and said as they browsed your site, as well as a written summary of what they liked, didn’t like, and what might have made them leave your site. The cost is $29/tester.
9. Infomaki is a tool developed by the New York Public Library for rapidly testing mutliple site designs and language without disruption to website visitors. It’s open source and can make large-scale usability testing much simpler.
10. Chalkmark lets you conduct testing on visitors’ first impressions of your site. To use it, you just set a task, upload an associated image, and invite participants. You can view results immediately, as they come in. The cost is US$109/month or US$559/year.
11. FeedbackArmy is a usability testing service that’s simple to use and inexpensive. It only takes a couple minutes to set up a usability test, and you get 10 reponses for US$10. It’s one of the more inexpensive options for gathering usability info, and can be customized more than many similar options.

Screencasting Software

Using screencasting software in usability testing makes a lot of sense. After all, one of the primary goals of usability testing is to find where users are getting hung up. By capturing everything that happens on their screen, you can better determine exactly what is slowing them down.

1. ScreenFlow is one such software program. The Screening Room offers a great overview of how they used ScreenFlow in their own usability testing when launching their new site.
2. CamStudio is an open source screencasting software that works on Windows machines to capture everything you do on screen. Unlike many screencasting solutions, CamStudio is free.
3. Screencast-o-Matic is another free screencasting software that works within a browser, making it particularly well-suited to website usability testing where your users might not be centralized in one place.
4. If you’re really serious about screencasting (and will likely use software for more than just usability testing), Adobe Captivate might be the solution for you. It’s aimed at the educational market, so is probably overkill for many applications (especially since it’s nearly US$800), but it is an option.
5. For more screencasting options (there are plenty of them out there), check out Mashable’s 12 Screencasting Tools for Creating Video Tutorials or Wikipedia’s List of Screencasting Software.

Additional Roundups and Resources

Some other blogs out there have already compiled some excellent resource lists covering usability testing-related topics. The best are included below.

1. Grundyhome.com has a very thorough guide to usability testing, called the Ultimate Usability Testing Toolkit, which offers up a ton of great tools and methods, along with exactly how to implement them. Items included are well-categorized, making it a very easy toolkit to use despite it’s broad scope.
2. Speckyboy Design Magazine has an excellent roundup of usability guides, titled An Introduction to Understanding and Implementing Web Usability that includes a ton of great resources (some of which have been mentioned above already).
3. Tripwire Magazine has a great roundup of usability and other testing tools, titled 40+ Freelancer Tools and Services for Testing Web Projects. While it includes more than just usability testing information, it does include a number of valuable tools that can be helpful in determining your site’s usability.
4. Inspect Element offers a roundup and evaluation of some top usability testing tools, titled Review of Easy and Inexpensive Tools for Usability Testing, which lists the pros and cons of each tool listed.
5. Useful Usability has a roundup of 15 Valuable Usability PDFs You Never Heard Of. The list includes some excellent resources for creating user-friendly designs, including some that can help you design more effective usability tests.
6. Webdesigner Depot offers valuable coverage of 10 Tools to Improve Your Site’s Usability on a Low Budget. It includes reviews of ten tools, including what they’re best suited for.

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A Combination chart of Column, Line and Pie with Dark-Green style

Flot – Flot is a pure Javascript plotting library for jQuery. The focus is on easy usage , attractive plots and interactive features. With Flot you can interact with the data, look at specific data by zooming in, plot a time series, and other various options.

Flotchart with lines, points, filled areas, bars and any combinations of these, in the same plot and even on the same data series.

Google Chart API – The Google Chart API lets you dynamically generate charts. To see the Chart API in action, open up a browser window and copy the following URL into the address bar:

Open Flash Chart – Open Flash Chart is a Flash charting component. It is fairly easy to setup and has classes written in PHP, Perl, Python, Java, Ruby on Rails, and .Net to connect to the Chart. You can create some really nice looking Bar Charts, Pie Charts, Area Charts and etc…

3D Bar Chart by OpenFlashChart

AmCharts – AmCharts are animated interactive flash charts. The charts include Pie Charts, Line Charts, Scatter/Bubble Charts, Bar/Column Charts, and even a stock chart. AmCharts can extract data from simple CSV or XML files, or they can read dynamic data generated with PHP, .NET, Java, Ruby on Rails, Perl and ColdFusion. All the charts are free but they have a link to AmCharts on the upper left.

Stock Chart

PlotKit – PlotKit is a Chart and Graph Plotting Library for Javascript. PlotKit works with MochiKit javascript library. It has support for HTML Canvas and also SVG via Adobe SVG Viewer and native browser support. PlotKit also has great documentation.

Flotr – Flotr is a javascript plotting library based on the Prototype Framework version 1.6.0.2. Flotr lets you create graphs in modern browsers with features like legend support, negative value support, mouse tracking, selection support, zoom support, event hooks, CSS styling support and much more.

XML/SWF Charts – XML/SWF Charts is a simple, yet powerful tool to create attractive charts and graphs from XML data. Create an XML source to describe a chart, then pass it to this tool’s flash file to generate the chart. The XML source can be prepared manually, or generated dynamically using any scripting language (PHP, ASP, CFML, Perl, etc.) XML/SWF Charts makes the best of both the XML and SWF worlds. XML provides flexible data generation, and Flash provides the best graphic quality.

Various Types of Charts generated by XML/SWF Charts

Visifire – Visifire (Powered by Silverlight) is a set of open source data visualization components. With Visifire you can create animated Silverlight Charts with ASP, ASP.Net, PHP, JSP, ColdFusion, Ruby on Rails or just simple HTML.

Visifire various chart types

FusionCharts – FusionCharts is a cross-browser and cross-platform flash charting component that can be used with ASP.NET, ASP, PHP, JSP, ColdFusion, Ruby on Rails, simple HTML pages or even PowerPoint Presentations. All you need to know is the language you’re programming in.

JFreeChart – JFreeChart is an open source Java chart library that makes it easy for developers to display quality charts in their applications. The JFreeChart project was founded seven years ago, in February 2000, by David Gilbert and is used by approximately 40,000 to 50,000 developers. JFreeChart supports many different output types that includes JPEG, GIF, PDF, EPS and SVG. This is a great resource for Java developers.

3D Pie Chart